We spend a substantial portion of our lives within the confines of buildings, and indoor air quality can vary dramatically. But, did you know your indoor environment could be making you sick?
What is sick building syndrome?
The term sick building syndrome (SBS) can be used when:
- building occupants report symptoms of discomfort such as headache, eye, nose or throat irritation, dry cough, dry or itchy skin, tiredness or sensitivity to odours
- the symptoms appear to be linked to the length of time people spend in a building or a particular part of the building
- the cause of the symptoms is not known. But symptoms improve soon after leaving the building.
The term building-related illness (BRI) can be used when:
- building occupants report symptoms such as headache, eye, nose or throat irritation, cough, dry or itchy skin, tiredness, chest tightness, fever, chills or muscle aches
- the cause of the symptoms can be identified and is related to airborne contaminants in the building
- symptoms may take some time to improve even after occupants have left the building
- Indoor air quality problems are likely to affect building occupants to different extents due to individual health factors and susceptibility to contaminants.
Increasingly, as buildings have become better sealed from the external environment, pollutants being released from indoor sources are being found at higher concentrations. A major concern with respect to indoor air quality is the use of gas cookers and gas heaters. These two sources can often contribute a large percentage of the pollutants found in domestic dwellings.
Indoor air quality can be adversely affected by other contaminants, including:
- chemical contaminants, such as formaldehyde, asbestos and lead paint
- biological contaminants, such as pollen, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mould
- house dust mites
- cleaning agents containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Any building can have poor indoor air quality including homes, workplaces and schools. Moreover, factors such as poor lighting, noise pollution and ergonomic issues can also exacerbate symptoms.
Signs of sick building syndrome
A lack of awareness about SBS has resulted in an increasing number of people being affected. Many are unaware that the quality of the air in their indoor environments could be causing their health issues.
Understanding the signs can help you recognise whether your indoor surroundings are contributing to your health issues. Here are some signs to look out for.
Chronic symptoms with no obvious cause
Symptoms of SBS can vary widely, making it a challenge to identify the root cause. Common complaints include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritation of the eyes, nose or throat, dry or itchy skin, reduced memory or concentration and respiratory issues.
If several individuals within a household or office are experiencing symptoms, even if they’re not identical, this can point to SBS.
It’s also important to note that SBS affects everyone differently. While everyone who spends time in a particular space might go through some of the above symptoms, these can vary. Some people may not experience any symptoms at all.
Symptoms lessen when outdoors or away from the building
Symptoms of SBS tend to lessen or disappear when individuals leave the building, indicating a strong link between the building environment and the emergence of health issues.
Visible mould growth
Sometimes, it’s evident when something in a building is off and potentially affecting your wellbeing. If you notice any of these indicators, it’s crucial to address them promptly: visible mould growth, water damage, strong odours and structural issues and/or damage.
What to do about sick building syndrome
Test your air quality
An indoor air quality monitor can measure the amount of pollution in the air. Some of the common elements they measure include particulate matter (PM), radon, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.
Improve ventilation
Ensure proper ventilation systems are in place and regularly maintained. Introducing fresh air and controlling humidity levels can significantly reduce the accumulation of indoor pollutants.
Carry out regular maintenance
Regularly inspect and maintain HVAC systems, air filters and ducts to prevent the buildup of contaminants and ensure optimal indoor air quality.
Reduce chemical use
Minimise the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by opting for low-emission products, paints and cleaning supplies. Encourage the use of natural, non-toxic alternatives to reduce chemical exposure.
Add indoor plants
Introduce indoor plants to improve air quality and create a more natural environment.
Take breaks and move more
Take regular breaks and move around to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged sedentary work. Get fresh air when you can.
Keep it clean
Implement a regular cleaning schedule that focuses on removing dust, mould and other allergens. Use environmentally friendly cleaning products to minimise chemical exposure.
Have you heard about sick building syndrome before? Do you test the air quality in your home? Let us know in the comments section below.
Also read: Five ways to reduce allergens in your home
Disclaimer: This article contains general information about health issues and is not advice. For health advice, consult your medical practitioner.
