Salt, salt, salt … It’s everywhere.
Even when it’s not one of the ‘main’ ingredients, salt features in so much of what we eat – and sometimes, we’re not even aware of it.
However, excessive salt intake isn’t good for our health and is linked with an increased risk of major issues such as high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke.
The Heart Foundation recommends as a daily maximum amount 5g of salt (2000mg sodium) which is about one teaspoon. Studies have shown that most Australians are eating roughly 9g of salt a day, which is nearly double the recommended maximum.
“This is a maximum, not a target,” says nutritionist Aliya Porter. “Too much salt can lead to many health problems including bone weakening and therefore increase the risk of osteoporosis too.”
We do need a certain amount of salt – or rather sodium, which is found in salt – it’s an essential nutrient which, for example, helps maintain normal nerve and muscle function and regulate blood pressure. However, we can usually get all the sodium we need from foods without having to add any extra.
“Salt and sodium are often confused but are somewhat distinct,” explains nutritionist Rohini Bajekal. “Salt, a chemical compound made up of sodium and chloride, is what we add to food. Sodium is the dietary mineral found in foods and is especially high in processed foods containing preservatives. It’s the sodium that’s linked to the adverse health issues.”
Keen to cut down on salt? Here, our experts point out some of the biggest salty culprits and alternatives you can opt for instead.
1. Pizza
Pizza dough contains salt, as it helps form the structure of the bread. But the toppings we put on are often high in salt too – particularly the cheese and the processed meats such as pepperoni or Parma ham. A leading brand pepperoni pizza contains about 40–50 per cent of your daily intake in one portion (half a pizza). Most people eat more than that.
Using less cheese by grating it more finely and either opting for vegetable toppings, or swapping processed meat for tuna or unprocessed chicken, will reduce the salt content.
Read: Pumpkin and Feta Pizza
2. Soups
Soups are often high in salt because of the stock they contain. If you’re making your own, you can either make your own stock, use a reduced salt stock, or leave it out all together and use onions, garlic, herbs and spices such as cumin or curry powder for extra flavour.
“Soups are about 1g of salt per half a can – most of us eat the whole can, and that’s before you add the slice of bread you have with the soup – 17 per cent of our recommended maximum, or 33 per cent if we eat the whole can,” says Ms Porter.
3. Stir-fries
“We don’t often think of soy sauce being high in salt, but it is,” says Ms Porter. “Fish sauce and bought stir-fry sauces are also often high in salt. For a reduced salt stir-fry, use five spice, spring onions, garlic and fresh ginger for lots of flavour and opt for a reduced salt soy sauce.”
Soy sauce is about 8g of salt per serving. Stir-fry sauces about 9g per serving. About 15 per cent of our recommended maximum each.
4. Processed meats, such as ham and bacon
Swapping ham or bacon for tofu or tempeh can cut the salt a sandwich contains. These options have drastically lower salt levels: 7mg compared to 1700mg in some cases.
Read: Do you crave salt? This might be why
5. Processed sugary breakfast cereals
Sugary breakfast cereals are often laden with hidden salt and sodium too. Swap for rolled oats, which are also a source of most vital vitamins.
6. Cheddar cheese
Cheese can be super salty by itself. If you’re having cheese sandwiches, there’s the salt in the bread and any added condiments or butter to consider too. “Swap for sandwiches with avocado salad, which is higher in fibre and healthy fats too. Use mixed grain bread,” suggests Ms Bajekal.
What about those fancy salts with heftier price tags?
“Salts such as pink Himalayan salt, sea salt (such as Maldon sea salt) and rock salt all consist of around 99 per cent sodium chloride, which is the same as salt,” says Ms Bajekal. “Regardless of the fancy colour or price of the salt you buy, the sodium found in all these salts is what’s linked to adverse health outcomes such as hypertension (high blood pressure) among children and adults.”
Read: What causes high blood pressure?
How to satisfy your taste buds without salt
What if you just really like the taste of saltier foods and can’t imagine cooking without it? Thankfully, there are lots of more health-friendly ways to add flavour.
“Soya sauce – swap for low-sodium soya sauce or, even better, choose no-salt flavourings such as lime or lemon and herb and spices, including fresh garlic, ginger, chilli and rice vinegar,” says Ms Bajekal. “Adding a fresh squeeze of lemon, lime or flavoured vinegar (such as balsamic vinegar) can bring the flavours of a dish to life without salt.
“Cook with dried herbs and spices – garlic powder, onion powder, basil, oregano, turmeric, cumin, paprika, cinnamon and fresh ground pepper are just some of the dozens of herbs and spices with incredible nutritional properties,” Ms Bajekal adds. “These add tons of flavour without the need for salt.”
Fresh herbs are another option. “Add a bunch of fresh coriander, basil, mint or parsley to a dish such as a salad, stir-fry or stew, so you don’t need a salty substitute. This also boosts the antioxidant content of the meal,” says Ms Bajekal.
– With PA
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